Water thoroughly every one to two weeks during the first summer. Mulch with straw or hay to reduce weeds and conserve soil moisture. Plant bare-root plants in the early spring. Since hazelnuts are more shrub-like, they can be spaced about ten feet apart. Most nut trees are planted 25–30 feet apart.
Neutral or slightly acid soils are best suited for nut trees. Drainage is more critical than soil type. Nut trees should be planted in fertile, welldrained soil. If seedling trees are purchased, be sure that they were grown from the best seed obtainable, and expect them to be quite variable in contrast to the grafted trees. Buy trees from a reputable nursery that labels the trees as budded or grafted from a tested cultivar. Planting and cultural requirements for nut production are similar to practices recommended for other ornamental or fruit trees. The planting site-North, Central, or South Jersey-may determine whether or not a "borderline" nut tree species can survive and thrive. Late spring frosts and drought can also be very damaging. "Borderline" nut trees include Persian walnut, Japanese walnut, heartnut, pecan, and almond where harvests will be limited by low winter temperatures, humidity, length of growing season, and growing-degree days.
The most successful nut tree species in New Jersey are Chinese chestnut, black walnut, butternut, several species of hickory, and native hazelnut (or filbert). The average annual minimum temperature should not go below -20☏. ClimateĬlimate is most important in determining whether nut trees grow and fruit satisfactorily. However, this publication is intended for the suburban homeowner or hobbyist who can benefit from the ornamental and shade value of the nut trees as well as their nut crops for food when the nuts ripen each autumn. Nut trees can be grown successfully in New Jersey for their edible nut crop, as a lumber resource, for wind and erosion control, and for habitat and food for wildlife.
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